I just encountered a line at Rob Galbraith, in a news item about the upcoming-in-2012 Canon 1D X: "...a standard ISO range of 100–51,200 (which can be expanded to as high as 204,800...."
It made me realize that I habitually let go with a silent internal existential guffaw every time I read one of those outlandishly high ISO numbers.
It's not ridiculous to use, or learn, the meaning of ISO 400, 640, and 1000 and so on. You can memorize such numbers easily and learn to translate them into stops easily.
(Fairly easily, for the innumerate amongst us. Including moi.)
But who mentally works with fluency and fluidity with numbers like "51,200" and "204,800"?
The ISO standard actually consists of both the arithmetic and logarithmic numbers; that is, it's not "ISO 200," it's actually "ISO 200/24°." But when talking about it we ignore the 24 part (which came from the old DIN standard) and just use the 200 part (which came from the old ASA standard).
Seems to me the conceptual appeal of the old ASA scale is blasted to smithereens by the new, or recent, necessity of using such extended values. The jump from 51,200 to 204,800 (in our example) is also perceptually wopplejawed—it seems like a whole great whacking lot; it's actually only two stops.
Time to switch conventional usage from the now-standard arithmetic scale back to a logarithmic one?
Note here that there are no official ISO speeds over 10000. They're extrapolations that fall outside the official standard; so far they derive only from manufacturer specifications. Changes have to be made to the standard one way or the other to talk about speeds like the ones above.
Here's an example section of the old DIN scale and the ASA equivalents:
15 (25)
18 (50)
21 (100)
24 (200)
27 (400)
30 (800)
33 (1600)
36 (3200)
39 (6400)
The difference between 51,200 and 204,800 expressed in the DIN-derived part of a postulated ISO standard would be from 48 to 54. That seems more proportionate to me than using huge numbers in the tens and hundreds of thousands—especially since we're now just identifying film speeds and seldom if ever converting the numbers to stops in our heads anyway. Who needs to translate 80000 to 100000 in stops, these days?
Not a super-important point either way. But I'm just sayin'.
Mike
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Featured Comment by psu: "My vote would be to get rid of the ISO number altogether. The ISO/ASA ratings made sense for film where you want a single calibrated number to base your workflow around. Except that even in the film days it was at best a guideline, especially with black and white.
"In digital capture ISO is just a shorthand for setting the gain in the sensor and adjusting the internal image processing to compensate. This value is expressed in terms of the old ISO value, but it's not clear to me why. Generally I shoot in two modes: Either...
1. I want the camera to use the lowest setting it can to hold my desired aperture/shutter speed combination, or
2. I want the camera to use its base setting to get the highest possible image quality.
"It might be useful, in addition to mode (2) to have fixed "low, medium, and high" speed settings. But in general I don't see any reason for me to be hitting a button called ISO and twirling through 15 or 20 settings 1/3rd of a stop apart. The only time I ever set ISO manually now is either to obtain mode (2) above or to get a fixed ISO when I'm using flash because the Nikon auto-ISO system is too stupid to do the right thing with the flash.
"Since buying the D700 I never look at the ISO setting in the EXIF at all except to marvel at how good ISO 1600 looks."
Mike replies: That would make altogether too much sense. A future frontier in camera design will be (I hope) the intelligent simplification of camera design centering around, as my friend Nick puts is, functionality rather than features; Apple has been very good at this in the computer/music player/smartphone/personal notepad realm, but few cameramakers so far even bring it into their thinking. "Featurism" intrudes into, and interrupts, functionality to a significant degree with most current cameras, especially for people who aren't photographers or photography mavens—even cameras meant to be simple aren't. In fact it sometimes seems to me that recently, what a sophisticated knowledge of camera-tech is most good for is for designing the setup of a digital camera and creating standard procedures (some of which are workarounds) so that the device becomes effectively functional instead of just confusing and frustrating.
There's no reason at all for amateur cameras not to have a 1-2-3 scheme for setting sensitivity: 1 being the setting for optimal quality, 3 being the setting for acceptable quality in the lowest light, and 2 being the best balance between the two. The manual could tell you what the measured values of amplification are; the camera user doesn't absolutely need to know. Pro cameras could be a little more sophisticated than that, but, as you say, they could still be usefully a lot simpler than they are, and, as you say, referenced to signal amplification rather than to an analogy of inherent light sensitivity.
Featured Comment by Andreas Weber: "At least make it 'ISO 50000, 100000, 200000;' there's a reason why nobody talks about 1/128th or 1/256th sec., either! Please, in the name of all engineers...."
Featured Comment by Eduardo Cervantes: "The beauty of the American standard is that doubling the number doubles the sensitivity. That's why it remains relatively easy to apply even at such ridiculous ASA's. The European standard just adds three values for each doubling in sensitivity. I don't know if that is easier to apply when shooting.
"Many years ago, after my country's currency suffered numerous devaluations against others, buying a camera was in the millions. A meal in the thousands. Digital calculators were of no use anymore as they didn't have enough space in the display for so many digits. After things settled down, the government took three zeros out of the nominations and things went back to 'normal.' I wonder if the same thing could be apply to the American standard. Two zeros out; 100 ASA becomes 1 ASA. 6400 becomes 64. Lower than 1 ASA become fractions. The same for some others like 640. It becomes 6.4. Designers have done it in tachometers for years and it worked. Just commenting."
Mike replies: You're on to something. I'd say we could just jettison the intermediate stops, because, really, in the digital age, thirds of a stops are like Andreas Weber's 1/256th sec.—needlessly fine distinctions.
Why not just round the numbers like the shutter speeds are rounded, then use "k" once past 1000? So the progression would go 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1k, 2k, 4k, 8k, 15k, 30k, 60k, 125k, 250k, 500k. That takes us all the way to ISO52428800. Seems high enough. And writing "51,200 and 204,800" becomes "500 and 2k." Much simpler.
Of course, we realize that the further our inventions get from standard practice, the less likely they are to ever be implemented.
Truly a great idea! But.. Likely too mathy, the logrithm part anyway.
Posted by: Dennis Allshouse | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 11:37 AM
"perceptually wopplejawed" = nice.
I suppose you also want(ed) to replace "megapixels" with "% of increase in pixel dimensions?" Marketing-types certainly won't cotton to your "non-wopply" logic (just sayin').
Posted by: MarkB | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 11:49 AM
One could just call 51,200 and 204,800 50K and 200k...
Posted by: John Hufnagel | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 11:52 AM
DIN might be a more sensible way to keep track of the really sensitive ISOs.
The Dvorak keyboard layout is also a more efficient means when writing about photo topics. Wonder how many people actually use it, though? :)
Posted by: Eric | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 11:59 AM
And since you talk of standards, we should remember that there is (at least) one reason for manufacturers often use terms such as "Hi1" or "ISO equivalent" instead of just "ISO": because these numbers would *not* represent any performance appropriately described by... the ISO technical standard. They are not ISO at all, nor ASA, nor DIN...
Posted by: Marco Venturini | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:08 PM
204,800 is like a christmas tree with way too many flashing lights on it. To wrap my mind around those crazy numbers I started thinking of ISO 3200 as ISO 3k, 6400 as 6k etc. Once you pass 25k the numbers start to look very familiar again.
=:o) Gert
3k - 3200
6k - 6400
12k - 12800
25k - 25600
50k - 51200
100k - 102400
200k - 204800
Posted by: Gert F. Hansen | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:08 PM
Or perhaps we just scrap both of ASA and Din and move to "stops", starting at 100 = 1, with decimals allowed. Therefore, 200 = 2, 400 = 3, 800 = 4, etc..... Decimals could be used. This would make it even easier for everyone to translate it to stops because you would just need to subtract the two numbers. With DIN, each stop is represented by 3 numbers, not sure why, perhaps because at the time people only broke it down to 1/3 stop increments and they didn't like to use decimals? I'm sure Ctein could enlighten us.
Either way, I don't have a problem with the existing ASA scheme, but if we are going to change it, why not make it even easier.
Posted by: Mark Johnson | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:09 PM
Yes, because doing equations in your head with mutiple competing logarithmic scales is much easier.
Posted by: Ryan Brenizer | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:09 PM
To me, the biggest conceptual problem with the DIN scale is that I have trouble understanding why a doubling - or halving - of the sensitivity results in a change of 3 units. Mathematically I understand it (I think), but up front and in my face, it's a puzzle. ISO actually makes ore sense to me. yes, some of those very big numbers look odd at first sight, but I find the relationship between 51,200 and 204,800 makes more sense that between 38 (I think.....) and 44.
Posted by: Tom Burke | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:17 PM
I think a more useful standard would be one that had the sensitivity on one side accompanied by the signal to noise ratio on the other.
This would help put these numbers into perspective.
Posted by: Mike Plews | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:17 PM
Well said Mike.
Now to sober up the discussion: I don't think this would get very far in a world where the major market continues to hold out against rational units (i.e. the metric system).
Talk about resistance to change.
Posted by: Arun | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:32 PM
I hear you and agree that those super-high ISOs look silly. But the problem for me with the DIN scale is that its numerical compression destroys the obvious arithmetic relationship between two speeds. Those I can compare at a glance; not so with DIN's 1/3-of-a-stop steps.
Background: as a practical matter for me, who shoots film and digital (D40), all of my action is happening at ASA (ISO) 1600 or less. So for me, those sky-high ISOs are simply ridiculous.
I also wonder how many photographers actually care all that much about them. I can see why marketing departments and advertising companies will care. But picture takers?
If an ad tells me a camera's sensor is fast enough to shoot nighttime street scenes without flash using exposures of something like 1/60th second, then I'd say I'm covered. What more are you really going to need? I'm taking photos, not doing surveillance!
Cranking up the ISO strikes me as mainly a marketing gimmick — or, to be more precise, it's one of the selected technical details camera manufacturers are choosing to compete with. And frankly, like a great many of these advertised "features," the utility to picture-takers remains unclear.
Also — final thought — ridiculously high ISOs serve a marketing purpose only as far as people can intuitively see that X brand's sensor is clearly faster than Y brand. Somewhere around 6 or 7 digits is where most people's ability to mentally compare ISOs will stall out, I suspect.
And keep in mind that going DIN means a jump backward to low, low numbers. Try to write an ad that makes DIN 43 look better than ISO 12,800. Best of luck!
Posted by: Robert Burnham | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:32 PM
Jeesh Mike, DIN was even before my time. Besides exposure changes are in doubles or halves, exponential changes, not an arithmetic progression. Why would you want to use a system that doesn't reflect what's actually going on? As far as I'm concerned DIN is dead. May it rest in piece.
Posted by: Jim Bullard | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:37 PM
Woe is me. My head is reeling from thinking about this. Especially since I hardly ever shoot above DIN 30.
Posted by: Bob Rosinsky | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:52 PM
I propose a planetary scale. "Earth" would be ISO 100. "Venus" would be ISO 200, because of the dense atmosphere. "Mercury", ISO 50. The outer planets of course get very little light, so I propose we use something from the Kuiper Belt for the new high end of Canon's flagship, say, "Eris", only because Pluto was degraded to non-planet, and now has lost a little of its marketing charm.
Posted by: yunfat | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 12:56 PM
Better yet, why don't we make a new scale? Since ASA numbers double to indicate a one-stop change and DIN numbers increase by three to make a one-stop change, why don't we create an easy to fathom scale like 10, 20, 30 etc? 00 can be the base of the scale and 10 would be a one-stop increase, 20 equals two-stops, etc. I'm just sayin'...
Posted by: John Igel | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:00 PM
That (DIN) not only (seems) IS more proportionate but IS more clever too.
One number = 1/3 stop, three numbers = one stop and so on
To fine tune exposition is a far better metod.
Posted by: gino | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:28 PM
Doesn't matter what system you use. Double the speed half the aperture.
With computer, never forget they are computers, taking over the camera who cares what system is used.
Then again I'm never used a higher ISO than 1600. If I had to go higher I'm probably in the wrong place and need to get out fast.
Posted by: John Krill | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:32 PM
What I would like to see being used is a scale akin to the Exposure Value (EV). For example, at a family gathering yesterday, the ambient light must have been around EV 4 (I was shooting at around 1/125, f/1.4, ISO 1600).
If the "ISO" part could be replaced by an "ES" number (let's call it an "Exposure Sensitivity"), so that ES 0 was (say) ISO 100, then instead I could say I shot at ES 4 (ISO 1600).
ISO 204,800 would be ES 11, which is an easily manageable number, and understandable as 11 stops above ISO 100.
Posted by: Charles Lanteigne | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:44 PM
In my skeptic view, even in a Canon 1D X anything above ISO 25600 is pure gimmickry. I can't think of a serious photographer (the one allegedly targeted by such a camera) using anything above 12800, no matter what conditions. So, counting the ISO numbers is not a real problem, in my view. Obviously, some would take photos at ISO 204,800 just because they can, but in real life conditions, I very much doubt that a serious photographer would do that.
In my view, camera companies should focus their effort in getting lower noise in the ISO 800-6400 range instead of increasing absurdly the ISO range.
Posted by: BuLiGaS | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:51 PM
Mike
Working in the oil industry which uses a mix a of "American" and metric units the use of a scale in America which results in huge numbers is no great surprise. American engineers always give weights in lbs and European engineers use tonnes, 10,000lbs c/w 4.54 tonnes. The Americans could use short or long tons giving 5 short tons or 4.46 long tonnes but no it's 10000 lbs. I always assumed it's a marketing thing - look you're getting 10,000 whole pounds of stuff rather than 5 short tons. Which would you rather have? I imagine the ASA thing was similar ISO 800 just seems to sound better than ISO 30 except now it's gotten outta hand.
Hope you had a good Christmas
Gavin
Posted by: Gavin McLelland | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 01:53 PM
Hmm, personally I think the current ISO scale makes more sense as it is consistent with the scales used for Aperture and Shutter Speed. If I halve the ISO, I double the shutter speed - easy. I think it would be difficult to change this, as shutter speed is based on seconds which is an actual measurement that people can conceptualise, and is useful.
Perhaps cameras should have a 'standard' and 'advanced' modes, standard mode would have auto ISO, etc as suggested by psu, advanced mode would have the ability to turn automatic features on and off, and also full manual control.
Posted by: Nico Burns | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 02:00 PM
I seem to recall back around the early 1970's BMW were racing in a US series where their engines were supposed to be putting out more horsepower than their opponents and they were perennial backmarkers. When a reporter asked one of the German team about this the engineer replied "Deutschland Invented Number". Still makes me laugh.
Posted by: John Brewton | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 02:02 PM
For the record- you're responsible for 7 of 8 Google "wopplejawed" entries. Just sayin'.
Posted by: Stan B. | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 02:29 PM
I do sometimes use ISOs below 3200; like on those rare occasions when I'm outside in the sun.
I have to tell BuLiGaS that I have needed ISOs about 12,800. If the otters are in shade AND moving fast as they play, you just gotta do what you gotta do.
Losing the ASA numbers would lose us the sunny-16 rule! Inconceivable!
Probably the important use of the numbers is in comparing cameras. Especially for that, finding an acceptable objective measure of noise is the key. Perhaps image quality overall -- but some people care about color much more and noise much less, say, so one overall measure probably suits only a few people.
Hmmm; if we make "k" = 1066.666 etc., things come out right -- 3k is 3200, 6k is 6400, etc. Then we can have the special pleasure of k=1000, k=1024, and k=1066 depending on the area. That should help avoid confusion!
Posted by: David Dyer-Bennet | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 02:41 PM
@psu:
Actually, the ISO numbers for digital cameras are not just a guideline for setting the gain in camera. There's actually an ISO standard for measuring the sensitivity of digital sensors, which aims to give results roughly equivalent to the old film standard. My understanding is that this is the reason the edges of the sensitivity scale are reported as "Low" or "High" values rather than an ISO speed. That's an implicit admission by the manufacturer that those parts of camera's sensitivity range are not well calibrated to the ISO scale and are only approximate.
If anything, it makes more sense to have a calibration standard for digital sensors than for film. Digital sensors have a very linear response, a measured full well capacity, and are developed using a well defined curve. That means it's possible to map a given light value to an output value in the final file much more precisely than it ever was for film, which makes standardizing sensitivity measurements more practical and meaningful.
Posted by: Roger Moore | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 02:57 PM
I think it's just an outbreak of the sensor "megapixel race" again. Different measure, but still the same marketing philosophy behind it.
It's not going to make any difference to film users - they'll continue to do what they've always done and the film manufacturers certainly aren't going to join in the competition.
And as digital cameras (even the 'pro' models) become more and more automated the relevance of manually adjusted sensor sensitivity to light is going to become less relevant to the photographer.
I'd say the best thing is to stick with what we've got, but let the camera manufacturers run riot competing with each other and have fun poking them with sticks every so often. Eventually some form of sanity will prevail but I can't see the august, but bureaucratic ISO organisation taking much interest unless they think that they can make money by imposing a new standard for which everyone has to buy a copy or a user licence from them.
Posted by: Leigh Youdale | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 03:40 PM
One thing you don't want to do is to get away from a standard, so that every manufacturer uses a different set of numbers and everything turns to chaos. But the problem with creating new standards is that all kinds of international organizations get involved, and there are politics, etc., so changing standards takes forever.
What camera companies could do is take advantage of the fact that their machines are now computers, complete with computer screens. Simply using ISO, they could set up a graphical interface on the back LCD touch screen that would somewhat resemble the current color histogram display.
On three side-by-side scales, the red line would represent shutter speed, the yellow line the aperture, and the blue line the ISO. A fourth green line along the top would represent compensation for under and over exposure. At "normal" exposure, you could push ISO down, and you'd see both S and A (f-stop) fall on the scale. Or you could lock A, push ISO down, and see S drop twice as quickly. Or, you could lock ISO, then push A around, and watch S move around on its own. Or, you could lock one, and let the others move automatically. Once you got used to it, it'd take a couple of seconds to readjust all scales, and to actually see what you had.
Of course, you'd actually have to understand what ISO, aperture and shutter speed mean.
As for making cameras simpler, they couldn't get any simpler, IMHO. All my cameras have an auto setting, which means it's a point-and-shoot. Push the button, and you get something, probably, if you're not shooting in the dark. I think what you mean by simpler cameras is, simpler for advanced photographers.
Posted by: John Camp | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 04:35 PM
...psu sounds like a guy who never uses professional series flash, hence shoots until they see something they like on their camera back, which isn't necessarily accurate either, even if you're looking at the tiny chart...making the mistake of thinking that one persons methodology is the same as every one else's...half the time I'm actually doing a hand-held meter reading on a subject, even in continuous light, and getting closer on the first shot than the camera meter...
...for those of us that use professional series flash literally 90% of the time, sometimes even asa 200 is too, too much to try and do exterior balancing, or get the wide open f/stop you want...AND, you want to take an accurate strobe meter reading to get a decent starting point, seems like someone here is making an argument for getting LESS accurate, which is folly...
"Plus one" to every one on here that says it's a gimmick, it might be great for photo-journalists, so it needs to exist, but I can't imagine ever using it...
Changing the understanding or use of ASA may be OK for people that don't want to learn what it means, but are we designing professional cameras for them now? (Hey, you can make 160,000 ASA just read 160K) That's how I'll know that photography as a career is really over...the number one mistake Photoshop made on day one, and the reason you know it wasn't designed for photographers (just pre-press people) is it never used the terminology like 'stops' for density and 'grades' for contrast...let's make another stupid mistake like that, shall we?
Posted by: Crabby Umbo | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 05:15 PM
Why not replace all ISO, DIN and ASA numbers by the number of photons per square millimeter per second required to achieve saturation?
Posted by: Tim | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 05:23 PM
Well, there's one advantage of the current "ISO" race. Marketeers are now telling the engineers to program absurdly large numbers on the ISO menu. They seem to have stopped telling them to create sensors with absurdly large numbers of too-small photosites. With the former, we can simply ignore the big (noisy) numbers. But with the megapixel race, we were stuck with too many (noisy) pixels.
Letting marketeers obsess over irrelevant numbers seems better than having them muck with the important stuff.
Posted by: Tom Judd | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 05:25 PM
Please, Mike, that's not a good idea. Then I'd have to change my blog name from 'ISO 100' to 'ASA 21'. You see, in my country 'asa' means 'wing'. People will think it's a blog about aeronautics.
Posted by: Manuel | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 05:53 PM
I can sort of imagine working with a scale that apparently increments in 1/3 stops, which the DIN scale seems to do, but I'm sure it would slow me down.
However, the cynic in me believes that consumers and marketers are allergic to log scales, and predicts that we'll end up with sensitivity multipliers based on ISO 100 as a standard. ISO 50 would be x0.5, ISO 400 would be x4, and so on.
For a while, some of us old-schoolers would cling to the ISO equivalents in our minds, but the newbies wouldn't care, nor need to. And we'd soon catch on that this is how we always dealt with ISO numbers in the field anyway; and that things like the "Sunny 16" rule and guide numbers not only still work, they're rendered slightly simpler to think about and teach.
Posted by: robert e | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 07:20 PM
Two things that bug me in the digital era
Why can't the raw data from the sensor be stored in floating point, then blown out highlights would go away and all this iso stuff would be
irelavant.
Why can't lenses be speced by their absolute aperture as well as focal length divided by aperture, and resolution in radians as well as line pairs per mm in the image, like telescopes for instance.
At least I can take care of the second problem in my head, even if it makes my head ache.
Posted by: Hugh Crawford | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 07:21 PM
Why not go back to the APEX scale where ASA100 = 5, ASA200 = 6, etc. The makes the ridiculously high ASAs into numbers like 15, 16, etc.
Posted by: Jeff | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 07:46 PM
DIN is like decibels. No one really understands that math.
Posted by: CK Dexter Haven | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 09:23 PM
Who needs ISO, f-stop, shutter speed and color temperature when one can just point and shoot? The only relevant figures are megapixels, frames per second, and oh, price. :)
Posted by: toto | Monday, 26 December 2011 at 11:24 PM
This all reminds me of a trick question in a photography class asking what the the exposure was in bright daylight for film. rated at a speed of twelve. If the student asked whether it was ASA or DIN , then the student got the question wrong.
Posted by: Hugh Crawford | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 12:55 AM
I often say ASA and need to correct myself to ISO--showing my age--as the value is expressed on my Sekonic meter (which was pricey on my budget) and several of my cameras with inbuilt meters.
Perhaps I'd have to carry a scrap of paper with ISO/DIN conversions.
For my sloppy technique I see ISO as a rough estimation of image quality when shooting digitally, so any related series of numbers would probably be OK, assuming many books and websites were rewritten.
Posted by: Ross Chambers | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 12:56 AM
Still photography, "digital style" looks rather amateurish when compared to cinematography and broadcast television.
A broadcast video camera and high end digital cinematography camera describe the sensitivity as "the aperture required for correct exposure under a certain amount of light (LUX)"
And if there isn't enough light to allow the use of a preferred aperture, you wind up the "gain" which is measured in dB (deciBels) and that's a logarithmic scale. 3db means twice as sensitive. 6db means four times more sensitive. Of course, the signal to noise ratio deteriorates at higher gain settings.
The high end lenses for the cinematographers define the aperture size in "T-stops" which means Transmission stop, in reference to the actual halving or doubling of the light that passes through the lens, taking into account the losses of the lens elements.
So if the inaccuracy and inappropriateness of the digital still photography camera world weary one too much, one can find peace in the high end digital cinematography and broadcast television camera world. That's where photographers get serious and specifications make complete sense. But the entry fee is high.
If we want to continue enjoying today's low entry fee for digital still cameras, we have to put up with the consumer style marketing and product specifications, because it's the sales to non-professional consumers that subsidise our professional pursuits in still photography.
Posted by: Craig Norris | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 01:12 AM
Btw, there is a great survey of the history of film speeds at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed
I found it while trying to remember how the General Electric ( Edison patented movie photography after all ) and Weston ( Edward Weston the rival of Edison in electrical enginering , not Edward Weston the photographer ) film speeds compared .
It goes into the train wreck of ISO speeds for digital cameras . 5 different ways to calculate the sensitivity , but only for sRGB jpeg , it changes depending on the lens's vignetting and the metering pattern and there is aparently no standard for b&w .
Posted by: Hugh Crawford | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 01:48 AM
As a Brit I think we should go back to the old British H. and D. scale. That's rounded off, so a stop faster than 6,400 is 13,000, and a stop faster again is 25,000. Simple.
Of course, it's based on a different system than ASA or ISO. 200 ASA would be 6,400 H & D, and 6,400 ASA would become 200,000. Two and a quarter stops faster would be a nice round million H & D.
It would drive most of us mad, but the advertising execs would love it!
Posted by: Roger Bradbury | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 04:10 AM
The EV scale (and DIN, which is EV*3) seems to me to be much more sensible, and directly related to the normal camera controls, than the exploding ISO numbers. Zero and negative EV values cover perfectly reasonable but now forgotten sensitivities like ISO 50, 25, and 10 (ah, old Kodachrome). A comment above finds multiplying by two a more "intuitive, natural" way to express a doubling of sensitivity, allowing one stop more exposure, but that probably depends on taste. To me, ISOs in the thousands, millions, billions and trillions are in poor taste, and just an invitation to more innumerate confusion.
Posted by: scott kirkpatrick | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 04:47 AM
Oh no! Not another number to remember!
Posted by: Robert Roaldi | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 05:41 AM
I'm an available-light photographer who almost never shoots BELOW 1600 ISO, unlike many of the more "serious" photographers who commented initially. I shoot indoor sports, theater and musical performance, and social events. I NEVER use a flash.
The race towards higher ISOs is a welcome development to photography, both professional and popular. Some day we will laugh about the days that we had to have an explosion of light near the camera just to capture a good image.
I agree with the general point that ISO numbers are becoming unwieldy and confusing, although they are no worse that shutter speeds (which get larger with shorter times, unless the "1/" is carefully included) and of course the anachronistic f-stop numbers.
It's time to throw out all three numbering systems out the door and design something that will better express the three parameters of sensitivity, time, and opening.
Posted by: Tom Henning | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 08:12 AM
All I can add is a big resounding YES to higher ISO/ASA's! I constantly find myself shooting in not just low light, but sometimes seemingly almost no light.
Last concert I shot was at ISO 6400, f1.8 and 1/40th. And then I had to bump the exposure compensation by .75 a stop in post to get something usable. Whew - talk about shooting in a black hole! Just yesterday was at a museum and ISO 2000-3200 was the norm for the day, and even then that wasn't enough all the time. My daughters' indoor soccer with the 70-200/f4? You get the idea.
My next body upgrade will be with something with a very nicely usable ISO 12,800 (minimum). As it is, my 50D starts to get unusable (to my eyes anyway) depending on the shot above ISO 2,500. Hopefully I'll be pleasantly surprised with the 7D and/or 60D successors from Canon.
Posted by: Karl | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 08:50 AM
While we're at it, is there any reason not to move away from f-stops? Like the EV proposals, let's just use unit changes to indicate halving/doubling of sensitivity. This would put aperture and sensitivity on the same scale as the proposed DIN/EV suggestions.
Posted by: Mark | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 09:02 AM
I will let my kids worry about this mess.
Posted by: MIkal W. Grass | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 11:24 AM
Mike: Rounding and K-ing the values is a good alternative. Skipping intermediate f-stops is a good alternative too. I used to have my 5D2 programed to skip the 1/3 f-stops since I believe that in digital is not necessary if you shoot raw. But then, I installed Cinestyle and learned that multiples of 160 is strongly recommended. So, I went back to programing my 5D2 for intermediate f-stops. Bummer!
Posted by: Eduardo Cervantes | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 01:10 PM
Ditto Scott Kirkpatrick's comment that EVs make much better sense - see the Wikipedia article at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_value
The EV100 (EV with a 100 subscript) system shown in Table 1 describes the combinations of shutter speed and aperture that are equivalent exposures for ISO 100. Each EV step is, of course, a one stop change. Any EV100 index number in the table is related to the next higher sensor sensitivity by one step (and one stop in either aperture or shutter speed) in EV. Thus ISO 200 is +1 EV100, ISO 400 is EV +2, etc. This is an easy way, IMHO, to see quickly just how much more sensitivity ISO 51,200 is than ISO 100 (+9 stops).
The *much* more important point, however, is the radical change that such very high sensitivities is making on photography. Suddenly, supplementary lighting of all kinds (shoe-mount flash a la Strobist, studio flash, hot lights, etc.) become primarily artisic tools rather than exposure necessities that need to be very carefully used to achieve artistic goals. The trick now that we have these extended sensitivity sensors with acceptable quality is to choose the settings that achieves the intended artistic goal (e.g., backgound blur, motion blur, depth of focus) by varying the EV (or ISO, if you insist) instead of finding the compromise that provides almost all or most of what you want artistically yet stays within the confines of lower EV (ISO) values that were all we had with acceptable quality until now. What a tremendous change...
Posted by: Steve Barry | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 01:11 PM
As for the UI.... If camera manufacturers really wanted to innovate it would be nice to see an open source consortium started for all camera functionality. It would be amazing to see what would happen if third party developers were allowed to utilize the basic capabilities provided by the camera manufacturers (e.g. ISO, shutter speed, aperture) and extend it in new and unique ways.
Posted by: Michael T. | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 01:56 PM
Everything above what i used for film i abbreviate, ie 12k, 25k, etc.
But don't forget that there is a good basic reason to continue to supply iso numbers: because some of us still prefer to expose manually. I've used some mighty sophisticated cameras, but i have yet to find one which does a better job guessing exposure than i do.
Posted by: Chris | Tuesday, 27 December 2011 at 05:43 PM
"You can memorize such numbers easily and learn to translate them into stops easily."
Actually, no, I can't :)
All I've managed to sink into my head is that the number is proportional to how much I'm likely to bump into things because I'm not a cat. Other than that, well...
As for using DIN instead of meaningless ISO - surely you jest? Now that the Great Megapixel War is just about over, all the poor salespeople have left to awe us into buying is high ISO numbers, and you want to take that away for them? O, cruel blogging world.
(Thanks for yet another great year of illuminating - at the very least 25,600 ISO! - resding, Sir.)
Posted by: Ludovic | Wednesday, 28 December 2011 at 04:00 PM
Some 18 months ago we proposed at EtL to get rid of the ISO scale and move to a stop-based scale starting at 1, which is equal to ISO 100. ISO 200 would be 2, ISO 400, 3, etc. For more details and rant see here:
http://enticingthelight.com/2010/06/24/is-it-time-to-abandon-the-iso-scale/
Posted by: Miserere | Thursday, 29 December 2011 at 10:50 AM
Not saying I prefer one over the other but..
If you had the opportunity to change you could change it to...anything.
Start with with a blank piece of paper.....
Posted by: Mark J | Thursday, 29 December 2011 at 02:08 PM
Jetissoning "needlessly fine distinctions" like 1/256 second makes it harder for some of us. Powers of two are pretty much second nature at this point, after 40 years.
(In fact, the shutter speeds are already messed up. 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15 (oops), 1/30, 1/60, 1/125 (oops), 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 is the sequence I'm used to, and it glitches twice.)
Posted by: David Dyer-Bennet | Thursday, 29 December 2011 at 03:01 PM
While it is interesting to see this escalation in ISO values, as others have pointed out, having a scale that relates well to f stops is handy. Likewise, there has to be a standard for sensor sensitivity for those working with external light meters.
Not every camera feature is relevant to every genre of shooting, but that does not make these features irrelevant overall or silly, they may be essential to someone.
Posted by: Jan | Thursday, 29 December 2011 at 06:26 PM